Strategies to Manage Absence
Managing Absence
Absence is a cost for any business - both financially and operationally - and therefore reducing and preventing absence makes good commercial sense.
There are many ways that an organisation can look to reduce absence. Detailed below are 10 top hints for Managers. Some will be more appropriate than others (depending on the organisation and culture). All will support the absence management process.
There is however no single solution to reducing absence and the pursuit of achieving ‘zero' absence is unrealistic - as we are dealing with people and there will be periods where employees genuinely need time off. The organisation therefore needs to strike a balance between supporting employees during genuine periods of absence and also encouraging full attendance.
Every organisation should however look to minimising absence. The 10 top hints will help you on your way.
Top Ten hints for managing absence (reducing and preventing absence)
1. Monitor and Measure Absence
Monitoring is the single most important component if you want to reduce absence - as before you can reduce it you need to measure it! There are various monitoring methods that can be used and ideally any information should be recorded electronically to allow for analysis.
A simple monitoring system would be to require all employees to complete a form for both planned and unplanned absence. Planned absence would include holidays, pre-booked Doctors and Dentist appointments and any other occasions where an employee needs planned time off or may ask to leave early or come in late.
Unplanned absence would include sickness or emergency leave situations and in these situations the Company form (e.g. a Company self-certification form) would be completed on the employees return to work.
Just starting to monitor absence will reduce absence levels as employees will know that any unplanned absence will be noted and could possibly be questioned!
2. Absence Reporting Procedure
Have a clear absence reporting procedure that employees need to follow if they are unable to attend work (unplanned). This should include requiring employees to speak to their Manager and explaining why they cannot attend work. Only if they are totally ‘incapacitated' should it be acceptable for someone else to call on their behalf.
For most organisations it will not be acceptable to leave a message at reception or send a ‘text' message! This however must be communicated in your reporting procedure.
Absence should be reported by a certain time (e.g. within half an hour of their normal start time).
Employees should also be aware that failure to follow the correct absence notification procedure could affect payments and could be a disciplinary offence (your policy documents should confirm this).
Make sure every employee is clear about the absence reporting procedure and has a copy in writing (e.g. in the contract of employment and employee handbook).
3. Return to Work Interviews
A further monitoring tool is the return to work interview. This requires the employee to sit down with their Manager to discuss any unplanned absence (and complete a Company self-certification form). The interview can include a number of areas such as:
- Discussing the reasons for absence
- Whether they visited their Doctor
- Whether the absence was connected to work in anyway (e.g. stress, harassment etc)
- Reviewing previous absence records
- Discussing any forward action or improvements required.
It would also be suggested that a standard ‘return to work' form is used to record responses (see self certification form).
If it is not possible for Managers to sit down with employees on every occasion, you should ensure that all employees complete a company self certification form that can then be reviewed later and will provide a record (to be held on their personnel file) of the absence (and reasons for absence).
4. Analyse Absence Records
With a good monitoring system in place, the organisation can highlight any trends and look at ways to further reduce absence.
Decide on clear reporting information (you can collect this via the self-certification form) and collate this on a regular basis. For example, quarterly or six-monthly report showing:
- Total days absence in the period (including the days and dates of absence)
- Total of any other absence (e.g. appointments, any part-days absence and reasons)
- Reasons for absence (broken down into holiday, sickness, other)
- Patterns to absence (any Friday/Monday syndromes!)
- The cost of absence (e.g. sick-pay or salary paid during absence or overtime paid to cover absence, temps etc)
Compare reports from each quarter and monitor the trends in absence. This will indicate if absence is increasing or decreasing and in any particular area.
If there is a computerised personnel system in place, reports should be easy to generate on a regular basis (provided information has been entered!). Managers can then request reports to review.
It is also useful to monitor any ‘cost-savings' that are achieved as a result of reducing absence. This will focus the finance department and also help justify (and pay for) any new initiatives.
5. Act on the Information
The analysis of absence records can then be used to decide what appropriate action may be needed in any situation, for example:
- The employee with a pattern of odd day's absence on Fridays and Mondays for common ailments (e.g. cold, stomach upset). It may be appropriate to hold a meeting with this employee to point out their pattern and level of absence (possibly informally first but advising the employee that formal disciplinary action may be considered if it continues). Letting the employee know that you are monitoring and have some concerns may in itself reduce future absence.
- The employee who has lots of ‘Doctor's appointments' at inconvenient times during the day. You may want to make some further enquiries with the employee about the number and reasons for the appointments (is there an underlying medical condition?) and also to discuss whether appointments can be made for a more appropriate time.
- The employee who has been off continuously for four - six weeks. In this situation you may want to consider requesting the employee's consent to write to their Doctor for a medical report or refer them to occupational health, in order to clearly understand the reason for their absence and when they may return (or arrange an occupational health report).
- The employee who is off on a regular basis for the same or similar reasons. This may indicate an underlying medical condition and you may want to ask the employee for their consent to request a medical report.
- The employee who has not taken any holiday during the year. You may wish to remind them to book some holiday dates (as it is a health and safety requirement that they take at least four weeks off per year). If they don't you may have to allocate them holiday and insist, they take it!
- The employee that reports they are sick and requests to take the time off as holiday. You may wish to discourage this by explaining to the employee their holiday is for recreational reasons not sickness. If an employee is not going to be paid for their absence, they are less likely to be off. However, if holiday is granted in these situations, it should still be logged as sickness absence for monitoring purposes.
6. Consider Terms of Employment and Bonus Schemes
Your terms and conditions of employment should support your objectives for managing absence.
You should consider the following:
- Have a clear absence reporting procedure (see above) and be clear about how failure to follow the procedure may affect the employee (e.g. non-payment, disciplinary action).
- Be clear about what payments an employee will receive during periods of absence and the different payments (or non-payment) that might apply in different situations, e.g. smaller organisations may only pay SSP; there may be different payment terms set out for short term and long-term sickness; consider payments relating to attending appointments during working hours, emergency leave, compassionate leave etc.
- Ensure your contract of employment allows you to request a medical report from employees (employees will still have to give their consent, but you will at least have a contractual right to request this).
Some organisations offer a bonus scheme linked either exclusively or partly to attendance. This rewards the behaviour that you want to encourage - i.e. attendance at work. However, any such scheme must be clearly documented, and consideration must be given to any legal implications such as discrimination, e.g. disability discrimination.
7. Occupational Health Advisers
Occupational Health can provide important assistance when managing absence. Choose a provider who is commercially focused and will provide you with comprehensive and constructive reports.
Employees can be referred for a number of reasons. It can also support a general well-being programme. A Company appointed medical adviser may therefore assist with:
- Pre-employment medicals
- Reports associated with long-term absence or frequent short-term absence where there may be an underlying medical condition
- Advice and reccomendations on how to support an individual's return to work (e.g. reasonable adjustments under the disability, temporary return on shorter hours)
- Health and Safety issues (e.g. a medical opinion on whether an employee on certain medication should be driving?)
- General medicals and preventative health care.
8. Health Care
Health care is a valuable benefit to any employee, but there is also a good commercial reason to provide employees with health care. Generally, an individual with health care can be seen and treated more quickly. This in turn means that a) they are not ‘worried' and ‘distracted' for such a long period and b) they will be treated and return to work in a shorter period of time.
This is a benefit to both the employee and the organisation.
9. Pro-active Management and Wellbeing
A pro-active way to reduce absence is to look at prevention. This can be achieved by considering a range of well-being programmes. These can take many forms and can have a range of results (including increasing productively as well as reducing absence). Some initiatives that have been used include:
- Health education in the workplace
- Considering the type of food and drinks offered in the workplace
- Encouraging ‘healthy' social events
- Providing employees access to medical or other professionals as appropriate
- Offer flu jabs
- Lunchtime fitness sessions
- Offering gym membership
- Providing signposting and information on well-being.
10. Management Style and Culture
Management style and culture can contribute to absence and stress in the workplace. Changing management styles and culture is not easy and this must start at the top. It will also entail clearly identifying what behaviours and/or systems need to change. The Health and Safety Executive recognise that there are some key areas around management and job design that contribute to stress. These include: Demand, Support, Control and Relationships.
If you have an employee off with stress then you will need to ask them to complete an individual stress risk assessment. You can review this document and consider what current management style or culture may be contributing to absence (for more details about health and safety please visit YourHS.space).
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11. Have a written Absence Policy Document
Once you have decided on your absence management strategies, these should be clearly documented and communicated so that employees and management are clear about the objectives, processes and procedures that form your absence management policy.
Your policy, strategy and any documentation should be reviewed on an ongoing basis to make sure these continue to meet the organisation's objectives for managing absence.